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Using a VPN is a terrific way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a rear door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or similar hack exists, it becomes a goal, a decoration for the bad guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the bad guys can't get in either. .

Each the products in this roundup explicitly state they have no back door, and that is as it ought to be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, then you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document secret you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a safe. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel those options.

One sort of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. Another creates a virtual disc drive that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, each the documents you put into it's entirely inaccessible. .

Similar to the virtual drive solution, some products save your encrypted data in the cloud. This strategy requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a much larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial provided by each of these products to have a feel for the different options.

Once you copy a file into secure storage, or make an encrypted version of it, then you definitely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even in the event that you bypass the Recycle Bin, since the information still exists on disc, and data retrieval utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products prevent this issue by encrypting the file in location, literally overwriting it on disc using an encrypted version. It's more common, however, to provide safe deletion as an option. If you choose a product that lacks this feature, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval functions because the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known data and reading around the edges of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, image, or other file into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, using the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one the merchandise gathered here service AES. Even those that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption specialist, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the average consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, register it in a key exchange, click this link tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. Another is personal, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can create a digital signature that shows that your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The fact that your public key decrypts it's all the evidence you need. PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a file with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.